In addition to needing a warrant, the “Protecting Data at the Border Act” would prevent agents from denying access to US citizens who refuse to hand over devices, passwords or log-in credentials. Though, federal agents could override the need for a warrant in the event of immediate danger, conspiratorial activities threatening national security or hints of organized crime — which could leave room for interpretation. “The border is quickly becoming a rights-free zone for Americans who travel,” Wyden reportedly said in a statement. “The government shouldn’t be able to review your whole digital life simply because you went on vacation, or had to travel for work.”

This isn’t a new issue, and Senators Wyden and Rand have led similar legislation in the past. In 2017, the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) argued that federal border agents at international airports should obtain warrants before looking through passengers’ devices. At the time, EFF noted noted that the number of such searches had more than doubled since President Trump assumed office. It’s no secret, either, that border agents don’t always delete data after they transfer it to their servers.

As Engadget noted in 2017, border agents live in a gray area that’s not exactly protected by the Fourth and Fifth amendments, which provide some protections against unreasonable searches and self-incrimination. If it succeeds, the new bill would, theoretically, strengthen those protections — at least for US citizens.