The two proposals are being funded in $400,000, nine-month concept studies. Whichever proposal wins the day will launch as one of the payloads aboard the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) in October 2024. That might not sound like a lot of money even at such an early stage, but that’s part of the point — NASA sees this as a chance to show that you can develop valuable space technology at a “reasonable price.”

The winning project could be a vital part of NASA’s long-term plans. With plans for an enduring human presence on the Moon and an eventual crewed journey to Mars, anticipating space weather could prove essential — travelers don’t need solar flares and other deep space conditions placing entire missions in jeopardy. This could also improve humanity’s overall understanding of the Solar System, including how the Sun affects the Earth.