According to a study published in 2017, the concentration of amyloid-beta in a person’s spinal fluid starts changing decades before the first signs of the disease show up. People already experiencing mild cognitive impairment with an abnormal concentration of the peptide in their spinal fluid are apparently 2.5 times more likely to develop the illness.

Unfortunately, harvesting spinal fluid for testing is highly invasive, expensive and not ideal for an early detection procedure. What the IBM scientists did was use machine learning to identify the proteins in blood that can predict the concentration of the biomarker in spinal fluid. The company said it’s the first time the technology is used for that specific purpose, though we’ll likely keep hearing about machine learning in the context of neurodegenerative diseases: IBM aims to continue using AI to help scientists better understand conditions like Alzheimer’s.

While testing actual spinal fluid will obviously be more accurate, IBM believes its blood test can help predict Alzheimer’s risk with an accuracy of up to 77 percent. The method is still in the very early stages of testing, but in the future, scientists could also use it to find appropriate subjects for programs developing a cure. One reason why scientists have yet to find one is because most trial subjects’ brains are usually too far gone upon detection. This test can find people in the very early stages of the condition when there’s still a chance to slow it down.